This page lists the official documents and secondary sources used on vccfund.si. Sources are grouped by jurisdiction. Each row gives the organisation, the document or page title, the date (the publisher's date where shown, otherwise the date we accessed it, marked "accessed"), a link and what the source supports on this site. The pages were last checked on 24 October 2026.

How to read the dates. Laws, fee schedules and tax rules change. A date shows when a source was published or reviewed, not that it is still current. Check the authority's live page before you rely on a figure.

Singapore

Organisation Title Date Link Used for
ACRA Step 1: Understanding VCC features, eligibility & requirements 2026-01-29 acra.gov.sg VCC definition, umbrella and non-umbrella types, separate legal entity, register of members not public
ACRA Step 2: Choosing directors & key officers for a VCC 2026-01-29 acra.gov.sg Permissible fund manager categories, director residence and role, company secretary, auditor (regulation-licensing)
ACRA Step 5a: Registering a variable capital company (VCC) 2026-10-19 acra.gov.sg S$8,015 registration fee, S$400 per sub-fund, 14 to 60 days (setup-time-cost)
ACRA Step 5b: Re-domiciling into Singapore as a VCC 2026-10-12 acra.gov.sg S$9,000 plus S$400 per sub-fund, similar corporate structure rule, 60-day deregistration proof (redomiciliation-regimes)
MAS and ACRA Joint Media Release: MAS and ACRA Launch Variable Capital Companies Framework 2020-01-15 PDF Launch date, MAS-regulated manager requirement, open-ended or closed-ended use
Ministry of Finance A Note from Indranee Rajah S.C. — The VCC: A Game-Changer for Singapore's Funds Industry 2018-10-02 PDF Sub-fund segregation, separate winding up
IRAS e-Tax Guide: Tax Framework for Variable Capital Companies (Fourth Edition) 2026-04-22 PDF VCC taxed as a company, umbrella as single entity, certificate of residence (five sub-funds per application), distributions (tax-treaty-access)
MAS Circular FDD Cir 05/2026: Tax Incentive Schemes for Funds 2026-07-31 PDF S13O, S13OA and S13U eligible vehicles; review before expiry on 31 December 2029
MAS Singapore Asset Management Survey 2025 2026-07-30 PDF 1,406 VCCs and 3,443 sub-funds (31 December 2025); S$6.7 trillion AUM; 76% sourced from outside Singapore (investor-perception)
IRAS List of DTAs, Limited DTAs and EOI Arrangements 2026-02-04 iras.gov.sg Agreements with around 100 jurisdictions (no exact count stated)
MAS Notice VCC-N01 2025-06-30 mas.gov.sg Eligible financial institution for AML/CFT checks, register of beneficial owners

Cayman Islands

Organisation Title Date Link Used for
Cayman Islands General Registry Fees (Companies Act fee schedule) Page updated 2025-04-16; schedule effective 2025-01-01 ciregistry.ky Exempted SPC CI$1,200 to CI$3,068; exempted company CI$700 to CI$2,568; US$ figures at the registry's 0.82 rate
Cayman Islands General Registry Exempted Limited Partnership Act Fee Schedule Page updated 2025-04-16; schedule effective 2025-01-01 ciregistry.ky ELP registration CI$1,000; annual fee CI$1,400 (regulated) or CI$2,200 (unregulated)
Cayman Islands General Registry Partnerships Statistics 2026-10-24 ciregistry.ky Exempted partnerships registered per year: 3,499 (2023), 3,802 (2024), 4,498 (2025), 4,165 (2026 to October)
CIMA Investment Statistics Accessed 2026-10-24 (Q3 2026 data) cima.ky 13,187 mutual funds and 18,360 private funds on register; SPCs and ELPs not shown separately
CIMA Annual Report 2020 2021 PDF Private Funds Act in effect 7 February 2020; registration deadline 7 August 2020
CIMA Private Funds Act (2025 Revision) Revised as at 2025-01-01 PDF Registration before capital contributions (s5); annual audit (s13); valuation (s16); safekeeping (s17); cash monitoring (s18); securities identification (s19)

Luxembourg

Organisation Title Date Link Used for
CSSF Main updated figures regarding the financial centre (September 2026) 2026-09-17 PDF 2,824 UCIs and EUR 6,686.57 bn net assets (31 July 2026); 281 authorised investment fund managers (31 August 2026); RAIFs not included
Administration des contributions directes Conventions internationales en vigueur et en négociation 2026-07-23 impotsdirects.public.lu Our count: 94 country entries, about 87 in force, 5 under negotiation
Administration des contributions directes Organismes de placement collectif (OPC) 2025-05-06 impotsdirects.public.lu Residence certificates not issued per compartment; Spain–Luxembourg treaty coverage of SICAVs

Ireland

Organisation Title Date Link Used for
Central Bank of Ireland ICAV Registration and Post Registration Accessed 2026-10-24 centralbank.ie ICAV Act 2015; registrar function separate from authorisation; UCITS and AIF authorisation routes
Central Bank of Ireland ICAV Registration Accessed 2026-10-24 centralbank.ie AR1, AR2 and AR3 (migration inwards) applications; 10 business days for a complete application
Central Bank of Ireland Funds Accessed 2026-10-24 centralbank.ie UCITS marketed throughout the EU without further authorisation; statutes under which AIFs are authorised
Law Reform Commission Irish Collective Asset-management Vehicles Act 2015 (Revised) Updated to 2022-07-06 revisedacts.lawreform.ie Sub-fund segregation (s35); dispensing with the AGM (s89); continuation inwards (Part 9)
Revenue Commissioners Double Taxation Treaties 2026-02-18 revenue.ie Comprehensive DTAs signed with 78 countries; 75 in effect

Hong Kong

Organisation Title Date Link Used for
SFC Open-ended fund companies Accessed 2026-10-24 sfc.hk OFC regime from 30 July 2018; SFC registration and authorisation; fees; processing times; re-domiciliation from 1 November 2021
SFC OFC structure Accessed 2026-10-24 sfc.hk Two natural-person directors, one independent; Type 9 manager; mandatory custodian
SFC Frequently Asked Questions relating to Open-ended Fund Companies 2026-07-23 sfc.hk Annual report within four months of financial year end
SFC Grant Scheme for Open-ended Fund Companies and Real Estate Investment Trusts (scheme page) 2025-04-11 sfc.hk Scheme description; application period to 9 May 2027
SFC Terms and Conditions of the Government's Grant Scheme for OFCs and REITs 2025-04-11 sfc.hk (PDF) Grant of 70% of eligible expenses, capped at HK$300,000 per public OFC and HK$150,000 per private OFC; one OFC per investment manager; applications 10 May 2021 to 9 May 2027
Legislative Council Securities and Futures (Amendment) Ordinance 2021 2021 PDF OFC re-domiciliation mechanism
Companies Registry OFC Overview Accessed 2026-10-24 cr.gov.hk Companies Registry role in OFC incorporation and statutory filings
Companies Registry Limited Partnership Fund overview Accessed 2026-10-24 cr.gov.hk Cap. 637 in operation from 31 August 2020; fees HK$2,555 plus HK$479
Companies Registry Limited Partnership Fund FAQ Accessed 2026-10-24 cr.gov.hk No legal personality (Q2); non-Hong Kong funds registering as LPFs (Q16–Q25); investment manager (Q43–Q44); responsible person (Q46–Q47); 4 working days
Companies Registry Number of Limited Partnership Funds Registered Accessed 2026-10-24 cr.gov.hk 292 (2024), 389 (2025), 652 (January–September 2026)
Inland Revenue Department DIPN No. 61: Profits Tax Exemption for Funds 2020-06 PDF Unified fund exemption from 1 April 2019, subject to conditions
Inland Revenue Department Comprehensive Double Taxation Agreements / Arrangements concluded Accessed 2026-10-24 ird.gov.hk Our count: 60 concluded, 51 in force, 9 signed not yet in force

European Union

Organisation Title Date Link Used for
European Union (EUR-Lex) Directive (EU) 2024/927 amending Directives 2011/61/EU (AIFMD) and 2009/65/EC (UCITS) 2024-03-13 eur-lex.europa.eu AIFMD II; transposition deadline 16 April 2026

Secondary sources: law-firm guides and tax summaries

These are used only to explain mechanisms. Pages that rely on them name the firm in the text.

Organisation Title Date Link Used for
Conyers Segregated Portfolio Companies (Cayman Islands) 2025-11 PDF SPC as a single legal entity; portfolios not separate legal entities; Part XIV of the Companies Act
Ogier Cayman Islands exempted limited partnerships 2026-06-01 ogier.com ELP has no separate legal personality; qualifying general partner; tax undertaking up to 50 years; about five business days to register
PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries – Cayman Islands: Taxes on corporate income Reviewed 2026-05-29 taxsummaries.pwc.com No corporate income, capital gains, payroll or other direct taxes on corporations
PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries – Cayman Islands: Withholding taxes Reviewed 2026-05-29 taxsummaries.pwc.com No withholding taxes currently imposed on dividends or payments of principal or interest
CMS The Reserved Alternative Investment Fund (RAIF) 2024-07-12 cms.law RAIF law of 23 July 2016; not CSSF-supervised; authorised AIFM; Luxembourg depositary; EUR 1,250,000 minimum within 24 months; 0.01% subscription tax; RCS list
Dechert Ring-fencing for partnerships – Luxembourg bill envisages compartments for SCS/SCSp 2026-08 dechert.com Bill No 8814 (submitted 30 July 2026, in the legislative process) would extend ring-fenced compartments to SCS/SCSp outside the fund product laws
CSSF Law of 17 December 2010 relating to undertakings for collective investment (consolidated English text) Accessed 2026-10-24 cssf.lu (PDF) Article 181: compartments as distinct parts of a UCI's assets and liabilities; creditor rights limited to the compartment; separate liquidation
PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries – Luxembourg: Other taxes Reviewed 2026-07-31 taxsummaries.pwc.com Subscription tax 0.05% or 0.01% a year on quarter-end net assets
PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries – Ireland: Other issues Reviewed 2026-08-11 taxsummaries.pwc.com Investment undertaking regime and non-resident declarations
PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries – Hong Kong SAR: Taxes on corporate income Reviewed 2026-07-22 taxsummaries.pwc.com Profits tax 16.5% (8.25% on first HK$2 million); 0% concessionary rate for qualifying carried interest from 1 April 2020

Our own counts and comparability notes

  • Treaty counts. Ireland's figure is Revenue's own statement. Singapore's is the approximate figure IRAS gives. The Luxembourg and Hong Kong figures are this site's counts of the official lists on the dates shown, and the authorities do not publish a total.
  • Fund statistics. MAS counts VCCs incorporated or re-domiciled (cumulative). CIMA counts funds on its register. The CSSF counts UCIs it supervises, which excludes RAIFs. The Cayman General Registry and the Hong Kong Companies Registry publish new registrations per year, not totals in existence. These bases differ, so the figures are shown side by side and not ranked.
  • Currencies. Fees are shown in their original currency. The only conversion used is the Cayman registry's own US$ figure at 0.82.

Points not yet verified against a primary source

The following are not stated as fact on this site. Pages either describe the mechanism only or ask readers to confirm with counsel.

Point How pages handle it
Cumulative number of Hong Kong OFCs Not stated; the SFC publishes a list of registered OFCs
Number of Irish ICAVs and Irish fund net assets Not stated
Article-level text of the AIFMD marketing passport and national private placement provisions Mechanism only; confirm with EU counsel
Luxembourg SICAV minimum capital, CSSF review times and fees Refer to the CSSF
Tax undertaking periods for Cayman exempted companies and SPCs Not stated (the ELP figure is from Ogier and labelled as secondary)
CIMA registration and annual fees; Central Bank of Ireland and CSSF fee amounts Not stated; confirm the current schedules
Commencement date of the Hong Kong LPF re-domiciliation mechanism Mechanism only, per the Companies Registry FAQ
Number of Luxembourg RAIFs Not stated
Whether the Cayman Islands has comprehensive tax treaties Not stated; treaty access is described as generally not the reason to choose Cayman
Whether a Cayman ELP can re-domicile directly as a VCC ACRA's "similar corporate structure" wording quoted; counsel to advise
Market service-provider fees in any domicile Not stated; cost categories and drivers only
Status of Singapore's VCC grant after 15 January 2025 Not stated as available
Text of the ICAV Act continuation section (s147) and fund-level AML appointment rules in Cayman, Luxembourg and Ireland Confirm with local counsel

If you find a figure on this site that has changed at source, register the correction through the contact details on this site. Pages are reviewed against these sources when they are updated.

Sources and dates

  1. Step 5a: Registering a variable capital company (VCC) — ACRA · 2026-10-19
  2. e-Tax Guide: Tax Framework for Variable Capital Companies (Fourth Edition) — IRAS · 2026-04-22
  3. Singapore Asset Management Survey 2025 — Monetary Authority of Singapore · 2026-07-30
  4. Fees (Companies Act fee schedule) — Cayman Islands General Registry · 2025-04-16
  5. Investment Statistics — Cayman Islands Monetary Authority · 2026-10-24
  6. Main updated figures regarding the financial centre (September 2026) — CSSF · 2026-09-17
  7. ICAV Registration and Post Registration — Central Bank of Ireland · 2026-10-24
  8. Open-ended fund companies — Securities and Futures Commission · 2026-10-24
  9. Limited Partnership Fund FAQ — Companies Registry (Hong Kong) · 2026-10-24
  10. Directive (EU) 2024/927 — European Union (EUR-Lex) · 2024-03-13